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Saturday, 25 October, 2003
Military rivalry in Kyrgyzstan

By Damian Grammaticas
BBC correspondent in Bishkek

In the former Soviet republic of Kyrgyzstan, Russia has set up a military base - its first on foreign soil since the USSR imploded. The Kant airbase is also close to a US airbase established two years ago. How do the two co-exist? Damian Grammaticas went to find out.
Su-27 fighters fly over Kant airbase
The Russian base is 30km from a US camp

Climbing on board flight 632 to Bishkek, I stepped into a different era.   The tiny, old, Soviet jet had portholes for windows, wooden fold-down tables, and instead of individual television screens with a choice of movies, a couple of oil paintings in each cabin.

The one in front of me wasn't much good as art.   It was a landscape; a clear blue stream weaving through green meadows towards alpine peaks.

We landed in the dark.   The whole airport was dark.   The roads were dark, even the streets of the capital in near pitch darkness.   It's strange arriving somewhere like this and having almost no sense of what it's like.

Early in the morning, light flooded my room.   I stumbled onto the balcony and a breathtaking vista.

The mountains, blindingly bright.   A dusty, rusty red on the lower slopes.   Valleys a deep chilly blue.   And the peaks, crumpled and crusted with snow.   In the foreground, no meadow, but an orderly city just waking to life.

Soviet nostalgia

Bishkek is a capital in the old Soviet style.   Dull, uninspiring, with a half-empty air.   Wide, tree-lined boulevards, deep with drifts of autumnal orange leaves.

Until a few weeks ago, one of its large squares had a statue of Lenin.   Moving in the dead of night, the government had toppled him.

My local contact, Alexander, a journalist in his tweed jacket and tie, with the nervous habit of answering every question at unnecessary length, explained that the Kyrgyz, nostalgic for their Soviet past, had reacted with fury.
Lenin's statue
Statues of Lenin still stand in Kyrgyzstan



The government survived a vote in parliament.   Lenin now stands again, but a discreet distance away.

Nostalgia for the Soviet days had brought me here.   Kyrgyzstan had invited Russia to station attack aircraft at an airbase on its territory - the first time Russia had opened a foreign military base since the end of the Soviet Union.

In Bishkek's main market, the faces look almost Chinese and Mongolian, with a dash of Russian blood.   Men wear white, conical hats of embroidered felt.   Ruddy-faced women preside over giant sacks of dried fruit.

More types of raisins than I've ever seen.   Apricots, dates and prunes.   Mountains of walnuts, almonds and pistachios.   Pungent piles of spices.   Cinnamon, turmeric, star anis and aniseed.   Along with tiny seedpods that make your tongue fizz in an alarming way.

Kyrgyzstan sits on the ancient trade routes from Europe to China.   It has seen the wash of empires come and go: Mongols, Ottomans, Russians, and Soviets.

Today it's not just the Russians who are back, but the Americans are here, too.

Slice of America

I headed to see the US airbase, established after 11 September.   From an old Soviet airfield, US aircraft fly missions over Afghanistan.

Simply by its presence, the Pentagon hopes to stop extremist Islamic groups spreading their message among Central Asia's 50 million Muslims.

The base was a slice of America plonked in the dusty heart of Asia.   Gun-metal grey transport aircraft sat on the tarmac.   A few yards away was a jumbled pile of old Soviet aircraft - Ilyushin airliners and MiG helicopters gently decaying in the grass.

Young US airmen were busy doing maintenance.   When they're finished, they can head to a fully-equipped gym or have a gentle head massage in the base's hairdressing salon.
I felt like I was on the set of a James Bond movie, witness to some... chess moves in an international power play

I was told I couldn't ask the base commander about the Russians moving in down the road.   I did anyway. It was what I was here to find out about.

He looked uncomfortable.   "I can't comment," he said.

As the interview ended, the American press officer, a little peeved, said he'd show me the mess hall.

Cooks were busy preparing lobster tails for dinner.   Astonishing, really, when you think the nearest living lobster is thousands of miles away.

"We're bored of lobster," the press officer said, "It's on the menu every couple of weeks."

Mystery presence

At the Russian base, five modern fighter jets were lined up on the runway.   Here, it wasn't so much efficient and mechanical as a bit cloak and dagger.   The base was shabby and broken-down.   Scruffy conscripts were wiping the jets down with filthy rags.

When I tried to get close to the planes, I was shooed away.   It all seemed a bit mysterious, this sudden Russian presence high on these remote plains.   Security men in overcoats strode to and fro.

I felt like I was on the set of a James Bond movie, witness to some clandestine manoeuvrings, chess moves in an international power play.
Russia's President Putin
President Putin dismissed talk of rivalry with the US



Russia's President Vladimir Putin strode onto the base.   With the mountains behind, he declared it open, then watched his planes in a spectacular air show.

We journalists were corralled into a tight group, made to kneel so the cameras behind us could get a clear view of Mr Putin.

He came and addressed us.   Then I pounced with my question.   "Mr President, are you just opening this base because the Americans have one here?" I asked.

This world leader looked down at me on my knees in front of him.

His eyes narrowed a little, almost dismissively.   "We're partners with the Americans," he said.   "I'm sure we'll co-operate," then strode off, leaving me to struggle back to my feet.   Partners, I thought, it doesn't look like it to me.


SEE ALSO:
Russia opens Kyrgyzstan base
23 Oct 03 | Asia-Pacific
Kyrgyzstan agrees Russian base
22 Sep 03 | Asia-Pacific
Country profile: Kyrgyzstan
24 Sep 03 | Country profiles
Timeline: Kyrgyzstan
24 Sep 03 | Country profiles


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EURASIA INSIGHT

RUMSFELD’S VISIT MAY ONLY TEMPORARILY RELIEVE PRESSURE ON US FORCES IN CENTRAL ASIA TO LEAVE

7/28/05

The leaders of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan told US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld what he wanted to hear during his recent Central Asian tour — that the American military can maintain its existing presence in the region.   Yet, after Rumsfeld’s departure, regional leaders resumed extolling the benefits of strategic cooperation with Russia, signaling that the defense secretary’s visit may have succeeded only in temporarily relieving the pressure on US forces to leave Central Asia.

During his July 25-26 visit to Central Asia, Rumsfeld secured assurances from Kyrgyz President-elect Kurmanbek Bakiyev and his Tajik counterpart Imomali Rahmonov that the US military is welcome as long as necessary.   Most importantly, Bakiyev and other Kyrgyz officials endorsed the continued use by American forces of an air base outside Bishkek.   Earlier in July, both Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan had backed a resolution adopted by the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), a regional political and economic grouping dominated by Russia and China, that called on the United States to set a withdrawal date for its forces in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.

The SCO resolution claimed the improving social and political climate in Afghanistan meant that the United States no longer needed to maintain support bases in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.   Rumsfeld during his stops in Bishkek and Dushanbe refuted the notion that Afghanistan’s reconstruction efforts had progressed to the point where a strong US military presence was unnecessary.   The defense secretary described the US air base in Kyrgyzstan as vital for the support of ongoing US military operations to contain Islamic militants in Afghanistan.

Rumsfeld proclaimed US ties with Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to be in sound shape.   For example, during a joint news conference in the Tajik capital Dushanbe, he characterized the United States and Tajikistan as "solid partners in the global struggle against extremism."

While Kyrgyz and Tajik leaders may see value in maintaining strategic cooperation with the United States, there are many signs suggesting that officials in both countries now see Russia as their primary security partner.

On July 26, shortly after Rumsfeld had departed Bishkek, the Russian news agency Itar-Tass published an interview with Bakiyev, in which the president-elect said that Moscow has "always held and will hold a special place in Kyrgyzstan’s foreign policy."   The Kyrgyz leader indicated that Kyrgyzstan would boost strategic cooperation in the future.

"We think Russia’s presence in the Central Asian region is, first of all, a safeguard of stability and security," Bakiyev continued.   "International terrorism, religious extremism, illegal trade in drugs and arms, organized crime and various kinds of violence — all this requires ever closer cooperation and joint actions based on complete trust."

Meanwhile, Tajikistan has significantly strengthened its strategic and economic relations with Russia over the past year.   Ties binding Dushanbe and Moscow are currently far stronger than those between the United States and Tajikistan.

During an October 2004 visit to Tajikistan by Russian President Vladimir Putin, Moscow agreed to forgive $350 million in debt in exchange for control of a satellite surveillance complex in Nurek.   Russian and Tajik officials also concluded several deals, in which Russian companies pledged to invest hundreds of millions of dollars in Tajik infrastructure and industrial projects.   In addition, Dushanbe agreed to grant Russia a permanent military base on Tajik territory.

Russia has largely been silent about Rumsfeld’s Central Asian trip.   Some Russian media outlets claimed the United States extended $200 million in financial assistance in order to secure continued access to the Kyrgyz air base at Manas.   But Kyrgyz officials denied the reports.   Political observers expect that Moscow will continue to use regional multilateral organizations, including the SCO and the Collective Security Treaty Organization, to undermine the American geopolitical position in Central Asia.


Posted July 28, 2005 © Eurasianet


 
 





 
 
 
 

 
 





 
For archive purposes, this article is being stored on TheWE.cc website.
The purpose is to advance understandings of environmental, political,
human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, and social justice issues.